Scientific Reports of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine

Biotesting of polymeric waste excluded from solid waste waste

О. Malyshevska, V. Motriuk, М. Ionda
Download article
Abstract

Introduction. Annually, the volume of accumulated polymers in landfills in Ukraine is growing by more than 1 million tons, but the volume of recycled polymer packaging over the past ten years has not exceeded 3%. Біологія, біотехнологія, екологія Малишевська О. С., Мотрюк В. Б., Йонда М.Є. № 6 (94), 2021 Наукові доповіді НУБіП України ISSN 2223-1609 The goal is to establish the degree of toxicological impact on biosphere objects of polymers extracted from solid waste, to assess the safety of using household polymer waste as a secondary raw material for further processing. The task is to establish the degree of biological and toxicological safety of polymer wastes extracted from solid waste. Methods and techniques: toxicological - determination of water toxicity on acute Daphnia magna according to DSTU 4173: 2003 (ISO 6341: 1996, MOD) and chronic according to DSTU 4166: 2003 (ISO 10706: 2000, MOD), and Paramecium caudatum ciliates, soil microflora reactions (saprotrophic soil bacteria CFU / g) according to MR 2609-82, the assessment of phytotoxic effects on higher plants was carried out by vegetation methods according to ISO 17402-2008, ISO 17126-2005a, ISO 22030: 2005b, ISO 11269 -1:2012a. Results. The research results show that aqueous extracts from waste polymers extracted from solid waste and their mixture do not have a pronounced toxic effect on aquatic organisms. There is no significant effect on soil bacteria. The study of the effect of polymer waste on seed germination did not reveal phytotoxic effects for any crop. A slight phytotoxic effect was observed during the study of PVC and PS waste. Wheat and mustard were the most sensitive. The level of phytotoxic effect was within acceptable limits and did not exceed 5.67 %. Evaluation of phytotoxic effects on stem length showed the presence of effects from all processed products except PVC. The impact, characterized as weak, ranged from - 2.06 % (PP) to - 13.27 % (PS). The effect on root length was found for samples with PS waste (-7.23 %), which was characterized as weak and PVC (-43.52 %) - medium. Watercress and mustard were the most sensitive plants to the effects of polymer waste. Conclusions. The studied samples of polymer waste do not show hygienically significant toxic effects on water and soil test objects, even in concentrations of 1: 1, so the impact on the above test organisms polymer waste removed from solid waste is classified as hazard class 4. According to the assessment of phytotoxic effect, polymer waste removed from solid waste is classified as hazard class 4, except for PVC - hazard class 3

Keywords

biotesting, phytotesting, Daphnia magna, Paramecium caudatum, toxicological researches, polymer wastes

Suggested citation
Malyshevska, О., Motriuk, V., & Ionda, М. (2021). Biotesting of polymeric waste excluded from solid waste waste. Scientific Reports of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 17(6),5-17. https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2021.06.001
References
  1. Website of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/Arhiv_u/07/Arch_dov_z b.htm.
  2. Lei, G., & Togay, O. (2016). Use of recycled plastics in concrete: A critical review. Waste Management, 51, 19-42.
  3. Malyshevskaya, O.S. (2018). Experience and prospects for solving the problem of handling polymer packaging in the world and in Ukraine. NULES, Series Biology, Biotechnology, Ecology, 5(75), 37-53.
  4. Review of environmental and medical consequences of waste management: Municipal solid waste and similar waste. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69391/pb 9052a-health-report-040325.pdf.
  5. Relationships Education, Relationships and Sex Education (RSE) and Health Education. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69391/pb9052ahealth-report-040325.pdf.
  6. Container deposits: The common sense approach towards a ZERO wastes society. (2018). The Boomerang Alliance.
  7. Gregory, M.R. (2018). Environmental implications of plastic debris in marine settings entanglement, ingestion, smothering, hangers-on, hitch-hiking and alien invasions. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 364, 2013-2025.
  8. Microplastics found in greater quantities than ever before on seabed. (n.d.). The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/apr/30/microplastics-found-in-greaterquantities-than-ever-before-on-seabedcurrents-hotspots.
  9. This is how The Ocean Cleanup's mission to clear the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is going. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/plastic-collection-mission-great-pacific-garbagepatch/.
  10. Dorger, S. (2019). These countries produce the most plastic waste. The Street. Retrieved from https://www.thestreet.com/world/countries-most-plastic-waste-14878534#gid=ci0256b22350022717&pid=30-algeria.
  11. DSTU 4173:2003. (2003). Water quality. Determination of acute lethal toxicity to Daphnia magna Straus and Ceriodaphnia affinis Lilljeborg. Retrieved from (посилання).
  12. DSTU 4166:2003. (2003). Water quality. Determination of chronic toxicity of chemicals and water on Daphnia Magna Straus and Ceriodaphnia Affinis Lilljeborg (Cladocera, Crustacea). Retrieved from (посилання).
  13. MR 2609-82. (n.d.). Methodical recommendations on the hygienic substantiation of the maximum permissible concentration of chemicals in the soil. Retrieved from https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200126486.
  14. ISO 17402:2008. (2008). Soil quality - Requirements and guidance for the selection and application of methods for the assessment of bioavailability of contaminants in soil and soil materials. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/38349.html.
  15. ISO 17126:2005. (2005). Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Screening test for emergence of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.). Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/31214.html.
  16. ISO 22030:2005. (2005). Soil quality. Biological methods. Chronic toxicity to higher plants. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/36065.html.
  17. ISO 11269-1:2012. (2012). Soil quality - Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora - Part 1: Method for the measurement of inhibition of root growth. Retrieved from https://www.iso.org/standard/51388.html.
  18. DSTU 7534:2014. (2014). Greenhouse soils. Method of preparation of water extract. Retrieved from http://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/docpage.html?id*doc=62115.