Bi-axis plantations of Bibaum® type have some advantages as compared with spindle-like constructions. To lay out the Bibaum® orchard, good quality young trees with two crowned axes of the same height and diameter are required. Various practices of growing young bi-axis trees in the conditions of Ukraine have not been studied enough which encourages further studying and making an economic evaluation. The research of the effect of the budding height and the way of forming two axes on the productivity and economic efficiency of growing of young bi-axis apple trees, cv. Florina on rootstock 54-118, was carried out in the fruit nursery of the educational-production department of Uman National University of Horticulture in the years of 2016-2018. Bi-axis formation was carried out in two budding ways: with one bud and further shoot grafting at the height of 10 cm (the control), with one bud and further shoot grafting at the height of 20 cm, adverse budding with two buds, and also adverse (alternate) budding with two buds and with their 5-cm shifting as to each other along a rootstock axis. Budding was exercised at the height of 10 and 20 cm (the control) above a soil level. In the course of the research it has been found out that decreasing the budding height up to 10 cm from the soil level ensures the output increase of standard young trees per area unit by 1.5 thousand pieces. Among the practices of axis formation, two-bud budding enabled the output increase of quality young trees up to 18.2...18.5 thousand psc./ha. As a result of an economic analysis it has been established that adverse and alternate two-bud budding at 10cm height from the soil level ensures the largest output per area unit – 438.8 and 430.7 thousand UAH/ha, the minimal production cost of growing one thousand of young trees –10.4 and 10.6 thousand UAH, respectively. Accordingly, adverse and alternate two-bud budding at 10 cm height from the soil level makes it possible to increase the profitability level of growing young bi-axis trees by 63 and 58 %, respectively, as compared with traditional one-bud budding at 20 cm height and the formation of axes by pinching which followed when the shoot length of the grafted cultivar was 10 cm (155.3 %)
young bi-axis apple trees, Bibaum®, growing practices, output of young trees, economic efficiency
References in the process of publication