The article presents a review of literature sources on the influence of sowing dates, mineral phosphorus-potassium nutrition, soil liming, pre-sowing seed treatment with bacterial preparations and modes of use of seed alfalfa on productivity when grown for fodder purposes. Among the elements of intensification of seed alfalfa cultivation, fertilizers are the most effective factor influencing the amount and quality of crop production. When using them, the biological characteristics of the crop, its cyclic nature of growth and development during the growing season, the duration of the grass stand use and the sowing method are taken into account. It has been established that in the year of sowing, seed alfalfa plants show a photoperiodic response to unfavorable climatic conditions of the growing season. Changes in the photoperiod of plants were a signal for the passage of microstages of growth and development, which was adjusted by the length of the day and the timing of sowing, regardless of temperature and moisture supply. Regardless of the geographical origin of the crop, for two years of using the grass stand and observing technological measures of cultivation (lime, phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers, seed inoculation), alfalfa provided the highest yield of crude protein of 5.83-5.97 t/ha for mowing the first mowing in the flowering phase, the second at the beginning of flowering and the third in the budding phase. Mowing of three mowing slopes of sowing alfalfa at the beginning of the flowering phase contributes to the effective use of the light regime of the growing season as the main factor in increasing productivity. In order to increase crop yields and dry matter quality, innovative cultivation technologies use growth-regulating preparations of various origins, microfertilizers and biological preparations for seed treatment for foliar feeding. The complex application of these preparations provides an increase in the yield of leaf mass by 16.6-18.2%.
sowing alfalfa, variety, mineral fertilizers, liming, leaf mass, crude protein, dry matter
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