Scientific Reports of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine

Chromosomal profile of large white and land breed pigs

V. Dzitsiuk, O. Guzevatyi, C. Bratytsia
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Abstract

A cytogenetic study of 75 pigs of the Great White and Landrace breeds was carried out for the analysis of the chromosomal profile. The research was carried out in the Department of Animal Genetics and Biotechnology of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V. Zubtsia of the National Academy of Sciences. Karyotype analysis was performed on preparations of metaphase chromosomes obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes according to the generally accepted method. The analysis of metaphase cells included the following cytogenetic parameters: the frequency of aneuploid and polyploid cells, the frequency of cells with structural aberrations of chromosomes (chromosomal breaks, chromosome fragments, chromosome associations). As a result of research, karyotype changes of the genomic type (aneuploidy and polyploidy) and structural aberrations of chromosomes (fragments, breaks, associations of chromosomes) were found. It was established that the total frequency of aberrant cells in pigs of the landrace breed significantly exceeds that of animals of the large white breed. The variability of the frequency of polyploid cells is from 4.50±1.6 to 7.84±2.6; aneuploid - from 3.0±1.8 to 5.6±2.9; frequencies of chromosome breaks - from 2.8±1.3 to 2.9±1.7. It is obvious that the level of chromosomal instability is dominated by landrace pigs, the reason for which, in our opinion, is the peculiarities of breeding work with this breed. In order to prevent the accumulation of genetic defects in herds of breeding pigs, it is necessary to carry out systematic cytogenetic control during targeted reproduction work.

Keywords

pig (Sus scrofa), large white breed, landrace, karyotype, chromosome aberrations

Suggested citation
Dzitsiuk, V., Guzevatyi, O. , & Bratytsia, C. (2022). Chromosomal profile of large white and land breed pigs. Scientific Reports of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 18(6). https://doi.org/10.31548/dopovidi2022.06.001
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