Вплив російської воєнної агресії на природні ресурси України: аналіз ситуації, методологія оцінювання

Н. Макаренко, Віта Строкаль, Є. Бережняк, В. Бондарь, С. Павлюк, Л. Вагалюк, О. Наумовська, М. Ладика, А. Ковпак
Анотація

Природне середовище України зазнало негативного впливу від російської воєнної агресії, яка розпочалася у 2014 р., а у 2022 р. переросла в повномасштабну війну. Починаючи з 2014 р. бойові дії відбувалися на території Донбасу, де у тимчасово окупованих Донецькій і Луганській областях грубо порушувалися норми екологічної безпеки. Повномасштабне вторгнення російських військ в Україну розширило спектр екологічних проблем, поглибило і загострило їх небезпечні прояви. Спеціалісти прийшли до висновку, що у багатьох випадках наслідки воєнної діяльності рф для довкілля України можна класифікувати як екологічні злочини. Метою дослідження був аналіз інформації щодо впливу збройного конфлікту на природні ресурси України. Основне завдання – систематизація проявів і ризиків військової діяльності для природних ресурсів України. Аналіз ситуації показав, що в результаті бойових дій істотних змін зазнали водне і ґрунтове середовища, порушено цілісність ландшафтів й екосистем, відбулися різноманітні види забруднення, руйнування та знищення цінних біологічних ресурсів. Відновлення природного середовища потребує, перш за все, науково-обґрунтованого екологічного оцінювання впливу військової діяльності на природні ресурси. Воно має базуватися на принципах екологічної системології, яка передбачає вивчення екосистем різного рівня організації і спеціалізації, а також враховувати короткострокові і довготермінові наслідки та ризики. Результати всебічного оцінювання дадуть можливість розробити дієві способи і технології відновлення природних ресурсів, пошкоджених внаслідок збройного конфлікту

Ключові слова

воєнна агресія росії, екологічні злочини, природні ресурси, ерозія та забруднення ґрунтів, якість водних ресурсів, пожежі лісових масивів, знищення біорізноманітності, загибель флори і фауни, руйнування природних екосистем і агроландшафтів

ЦИТУВАТИ
Makarenko, N., Strokal, V., Berezhniak, Ye., Bondar, V., Pavliuk, S., Vagaliuk, L., Naumovska, O., Ladyka, M., & Kovpak, A. (2022). The war consequences on natural resources of Ukraine: Analyses and methodologies. Scientific Reports of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 18(4). https://doi.org/dopovidi2022.04.003
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